An approach to school improvement in which teachers, principals, students, parents, and community members manage individual schools and share in the decision-making process is known as?

An approach to school improvement in which teachers, principals, students, parents, and community members manage individual schools and share in the decision-making process is known as?

• A. School Reform
• B. Decentralization
• C. School Governance Model
• D. School-Based Management

Answer: (D)

School-based management is a governance approach where the authority to run a school is placed at the local level, with teachers, principals, students, parents, and community members all having a voice in planning, policy, and resources. This arrangement lets decisions reflect the specific needs and strengths of the school community and promotes accountability through shared leadership. This description fits best because it explicitly describes shared decision-making and management by the full range of school stakeholders at the school level. Decentralization broadly involves moving power to local levels but may not specify active participation by all school community members. A generic school governance model is too broad, and school reform refers to wide-scale improvement efforts rather than the specific structure of school-level, collaborative decision making.

School-based management is a governance approach where the authority to run a school is placed at the local level, with teachers, principals, students, parents, and community members all having a voice in planning, policy, and resources. This arrangement lets decisions reflect the specific needs and strengths of the school community and promotes accountability through shared leadership.

This description fits best because it explicitly describes shared decision-making and management by the full range of school stakeholders at the school level. Decentralization broadly involves moving power to local levels but may not specify active participation by all school community members. A generic school governance model is too broad, and school reform refers to wide-scale improvement efforts rather than the specific structure of school-level, collaborative decision making.